The relationship between proteinuria and fetal-maternal complications: A retrospective analysis

INTRODUCTION: This is retrospective research aimed at investigating the relationship between preeclampsia indicators and fetal-maternal results. Two hundred six women were enrolled in the study who were 25–42 weeks pregnant: 103 with preeclampsia and 103 in the control group. Control patients presented to Antalya Education and Training Hospital Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics between January 2012 and 2015.
METHODS: The pregnant women enrolled in the study were asked about their demographic features. Blood pressure is measured. Time of hospitalization, hematologic and biochemical parameters, type of delivery, cesarean indication if done, and maternal-fetal complıcations were recorded. Furthermore, the characteristics of newborns were recorded. The relationship between categorical variables was analyzed using Fisher’s exact test or Pearson’s Chi-square test. If the number of samples was <50, the Shapiro–Wilk test was used, and if it was more than 50, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used. The groups were analyzed for statistically significant differences using the Mann-Whitney U-test or Student’s t-test. The relationship between continuous variables not correlated with normal distribution and ordinal variables was examined using Spearman’s correlation test, and continuous variables correlated with normal distribution were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation test.
RESULTS: The delivery type of patients with +2 and +3 positive proteinuria was cesarean section, and 65% had antihypertensive therapy. One-quarter (26.3%) of patients with fetal IUGR and 55.2% needed a blood transfusion, and the difference between the +1 and no proteinuria groups was significant (p<0.05). The best predictor of the duration of maternal hospitalization was proteinuria, followed by diastolic blood pressure, and the difference was significant (p<0.05). Systolic blood pressure, SGOT, LDH, BUN, and uric acid values were positively and significantly correlated (p<0.05). The best predictor of neonatal birth weight was proteinuria, which was significant (p<0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The results of this trial show that proteinuria is an indicator that correlates with maternal and neonatal outcomes.