Relationship Between Smoking Doses and Maternal and Fetal Outcomes of Pregnancy

INTRODUCTION: We aimed to investigate the relationship between daily smoking doses and maternal and perinatal outcomes.
METHODS: This study was conducted between 2015 and 2017 in Zeynep Kamil Women’s and Children’s Hospital Education and Research Hospital. 1029 pregnancies who did not smoke and 261 pregnancies who smoked were included in the study. Patients were divided into subgroups (≤5 pcs / day, 5-15 pcs / day,> 15 pcs / day), which were mild, moderate and heavy smokers. Demographic characteristics of the patients
were recorded. All maternal and perinatal outcomes were evaluated.
RESULTS: 28.4% of the smokers were using ≤5 cigarettes per day, 62.5% of the smokers were using 5-15 cigarettes and 9.2% of the smokers were using> 15 cigarettes. Birth weight, gestational week of birth, birth height, 1st minute apgar scores and 5th minute apgar scores were statistically significantly lower in pregnancies who smoked. The birth weight of smokers was 162 grams lower than pregnancies who did not smoke (p <0.0001). There was no significant difference between the groups regards to type of delivery and the sex of the infants. Rates of preeclampsia, premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), fetal growth restriction (IUGR), intrauterine fetal demise and neonatal care unit admission were statistically significantly higher in pregnancies who smoked. When subgroups were compared, pregnancies who smoked > 15 cigarettes per day were found to have statistically significantly lower birth weight and higher rates of
neonatal intensive care unit admission.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Our study revealed that the risk of low birth weight and risk of admission to the neonatal intensive care unit increased with increasing cigarette usage during pregnancy.