Comparison of maternal and perinatal outcome in pregnant women of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the pandemic

INTRODUCTION: The coronavirus-2019 pandemic has led to the deaths of many people in the world. Due to the changing physiology in pregnant patients, there is no consensus on the management of the disease. The effects of the disease have decreased over time with the changing virus variants and the spread of the vaccine during the pandemic.
METHODS: 231 pregnant patients hospitalized and treated in our clinic due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection between April 2020 and April 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.
RESULTS: Patients were divided into three groups according to the time of occurrence of possible variants. Group 11 (n=99) includes patients with pre-delta, group 2 (n=79) delta, and group 3 (n=53) omicron variants. Considering the vaccine distribution, there is no vaccinated individual in group 1. Individuals in group 2 who are vaccinated in 2 doses have the highest percentage as 42% and group 3 has the highest percent-age as 66% (p<0.01). Steroid administration to improve respiratory parameters was mostly preferred in patients in groups 1 and 2 (78–57%) (p=0.022). O2 support was found to be statistically significantly higher in groups 1 and 2 compared to group 3. The number of patients who needed O2 support was found to be lower in group 3 than in the other groups. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of maternal mortality and morbidity, delivery type, or caesarean section indications. When the length of hospital stay was compared, it was found to be the lowest in group 3 (p<0.001). Fetuses in group 3 had the least need for a neonatal intensive care unit.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: We think that the management of infectious respiratory diseases during pregnancy should be with a multidisciplinary and holistic perspective. More scientific studies should be conducted on the management of pregnant patients against the potential danger of a new pandemic.