The Effect of Hyperemesis Gravidarum on Gestational Diabetes and Pregnancy Outcomes

INTRODUCTION: Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy is the most common complication that observed in %50-80 of pregnant women. Approximately %1 of pregnant women experience severe nausea and vomiting during the first trimester and are diagnosed with hyperemesis gravidarum (HG). HG is the major reason for hospitalization before 20 gestational weeks. A relationship between insulin sensitivity, HG, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been established. In this study, we aimed to assess the impact of HG on GDM and pregnancy outcomes.
METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted at Konya Akşehir State Hospital between 1st March 2015 and 30th September 2017.A total of 100 women included in this study (n: 46 hyperemesis, n: 54 control). Screening for GDM was performed once during pregnancy. GDM diagnosis was obtained with a 75-g OGTT, during the second trimester, from 24–28 weeks of gestation. Main outcomes were gestational diabetes, pregnancy-induced hypertension, fetal birth weight, preterm birth and fetal sex. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 15.0. p < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
RESULTS: At initial examination, no significant differences in maternal age and BMI were observed between the two groups. We found no statistical difference between the groups in the prevalence of GDM, pregnancy-induced hypertension, fetal birth weight, preterm birth and fetal sex.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In the literature, there are many studies that shows negative effects of HG on maternal and fetal outcomes. In our study, it was found that HG is not associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The lack of this study is the small number of patients. More extensive studies are needed to define long term effects of HG.