INTRODUCTION: Iron and zinc deficiencies are still the most common nutritional deficiencies in the world. Nowadays, these nutritional deficiencies are a major problem not only for the developing countries but also for the whole world. The aim of this study was to compare serum zinc levels in children with iron deficiency in preschool and school-aged periods and to evaluate their effects on erythrocyte index.
METHODS: The children, whose serum zinc and iron levels were checked, were recruited from outpatient pediatric hematology clinic at Gülhane Training and Research Hospital in the period from January 2011 till August 2017.
Participants were divided into 2 groups as preschool (2-5 years) and school-aged (6-12 years) periods and serum iron and zinc levels were evaluated.
RESULTS: Serum zinc levels were significantly lower in the groups with iron deficiency anemia compared to the control groups (p<0.05).Correlation analysis revealed a statistically significant and positive correlation between serum zinc and hemoglobin
levels (p <0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The data obtained from the study showed that serum zinc level is an independent risk factor for anemia. In children with iron deficiency anemia, zinc supplementation should be considered in the presence of anemia that does not improve despite the iron replacement.

INTRODUCTION: To investigate the efficacy of oral 10 mg Hyoscine N Butyl Bromur (HBB) on pain perception of the patients who underwent endometrial biopsy with Pipelle.
METHODS: The charts of the patients who were 18-49 years and underwent endometrial biopsy with Pipelle for evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding at Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, between September 2018 and September 2019 were retrospectively evaluated. 48 patients were seperated as HBB Group who used oral 10 mg HBB 30 minutes before endometrial biopsy and 56 patients as Control Group who did not used any pain relief medication before endometrial biopsy.
RESULTS: There were no statistically significant difference between two groups in age, BMI, parity, number of vaginal and cesarean births, nulliparity, multipartiy, and menopausal status. On the other hand, VAS (0) scores which were recorded immediately after endometrial biopsy and VAS (30) scores which were recorded 30 minutes after endometrial biopsy of the patients of the HBB Group were lower than the Control Group (59,3 ± 21,12 vs 86,42 ± 10.95, ve 19,09 ± 23,85 vs 55,71 ± 21,67 respectively; p≤0,001).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: 10 mg oral HBB when taken 30 minutes before intervention, significantly decreases pain associated with Pipelle endometrial biopsy. This data might help to increase the endication spectrum of HBB for analgesic purposes in gynecology field.

INTRODUCTION: In this study, we aimed to analyze miRNA expression between prostate cancer cell line (DU145) and prostate normal epithelial cell lines (RWPE) and to investigate its possible role in cancer development.
METHODS: Human prostate epithelial cell line (RWPE) and prostate cancer cell line (DU145) were acquired from ATCC. Both cell lines were maintanied in RPMI 1640 medium. Total RNA were isolated and fragmented. Adapters were ligated to prepare RNA library for whole trasncriptome experiments. Statistics and bioinformatics analysis including mapping, clustering, sequencing were done by using Genomics Workbench v 8. software.
RESULTS: As we compared the normal prostate ephitalial cells (RWPE) and prostate cancer cells (DU 145); miRNA (hsa-mir-8072) were significantly (p<0.05) up-regulated in DU145 cells.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This result suggests that the hsa-mir-8072 expression may play a role as a oncogen in prostate cancer.

INTRODUCTION: We aimed to evaluate the clinical, metabolic, and endocrinological findings of adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome.
METHODS: The data about menstrual patterns, physical examination (anthropometric measurements, Ferriman Gallwey score, acanthosis nigricans), basal/stimulated adrenal androgens, fasting glucose/insulin, lipid/lipoprotein levels, and ultrasonography findings were obtained from the medical records of 53 cases diagnosed according to Rotterdam criteria between January 2008-December 2012. Patients with body mass index (BMI) percentile ≥95% according to age were defined as obese. Patients meeting all of the 3 criteria (menstrual irregularity, hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovaries on ultrasound) were defined as the classical group and the rest as the other group. Blood triglyceride level more than %97 percentile level according to age is considered high; insulin resistance was considered to be present in patients with HOMA-IR ≥3.82.
RESULTS: The mean age was 15±1.5 years. The most common complaint was menstrual irregularity(49,1%); oligo/amenorrhea was present in 60.4% of cases when questioned in detail. Acanthosis nigricans was more frequent in obese cases (p=0.010). Moderate-severe hirsutism (Ferriman Gallwey score ≥16) was present in 41.5% of patients in whom oligo/amenorrhea was more frequent (p=0.007). Insulin resistance was detected in 39.6% of the patients (81% obese) and more frequent in patients with acanthosis nigricans (p=0.001). Hypertriglyceridemia was determined in seven of 49 cases in which insulin resistance was significantly more frequent (p=0.033). A positive correlation was detected between triglyceride and HOMA-IR levels (r: 0,415). Polycystic ovary on ultrasound was detected in 96.2% of patients. In classical group; oligo/amenorrhea, hirsutism, acanthosis nigricans, and hypertriglyceridemia were more frequent than the other group (p<0.005). Total testosterone level was higher in the classical group but the difference was not significant (p=0.056).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The menstrual cycle of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome should be questioned in detail. In patients with acanthosis nigricans, insulin resistance must be considered and in the presence of insulin resistance hypertriglyceridemia should be investigated.

INTRODUCTION: Incisional hernia is located between the anterior abdominal wall herniations (ventral hernias) and reported with a frequency of 2%to 11%after abdominal surgical procedures. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors for incisional hernia and to compare these risk factors between incisional hernia development within one year after abdominal surgery and incisional hernia development after one year.
METHODS: The incision type of the first operation of 46 patients operated for incisional hernia, whether it was performed under emergency or elective conditions, age, gender, body mass index (BMI), presence of wound infection, postoperative pulmonary complications and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), smoking history; constipation and prostatism evaluated retrospectively.
RESULTS: Thirty patients (65.2%) had early incisional hernia and 16 patients (34.8%) had late incisional hernia. According to the timing of hernia formation, there was no statistical difference between the two groups in terms of mean age, but the mean age of patients with late incisional hernia was lower. No difference between other risk factors. In addition, under age 60, female gender, obesity and elective surgical intervention were found to be risk factors for incisional hernia formation.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Unlike the literature, female sex, young age, elective surgery were found to be risk factors for incisional hernia and there was no difference in the incidence of incisional hernia. According to the timing of hernia formation, there was no difference in risk factors.

INTRODUCTION: Palivizumab is a well tolerated, safe monoclonal antibody in the prevention of respiratuar syncytial virus (RSV) in high-risk children. The adaptation of the parents is extremely important for patients to be able to receive timely and full dose prophylaxis. There are articles evaluating patient compliance and clinical outcomes in RSV prophylaxis. Each clinic has its own follow-up and administration protocol, but there are no studies on the protocols used, patient compliance and dose completion.
METHODS: A total of 60 patients with hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease who had RSV prophylaxis in the pediatric cardiology outpatient clinic between October 2016 and March 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients who received prophylaxis in 2 different seasons and were followed up with 2 different protocols were compared with each other in terms of compliance and clinical results.
RESULTS: In the October 2016- March 2017 season, the mean dose was 1 ± 0.2 in the 5-month period and full patient compliance was 10%. Dose intervals were 37.2 ± 6.15 days. 10 patients (40%) were hospitalized. After the protocol change was made in the October 2017-March 2018 season, patient compliance was evaluated as 100%
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In palivizumab prophylaxis, increasing the dose and increasing the compliance of the interval significantly decreases hospitalizations due to RSV. Detailed and well-organized follow-up and application protocols are extremely important in increasing compliance.

INTRODUCTION: Thyroid cancers often appear as a solitary hypoactive nodule, but several difficulties in diagnosing malignancy of this nodule also make it difficult to choose the correct surgical intervention. We turned to this study to determine the choice of a surgical method for the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer in patients who are operated with a thyroid cancer diagnosis.
METHODS: The data of a total of 40 thyroid cancer patients who were conducted at Haseki Training and Research Hospital Surgical Clinic were examined. The patients' admission complaints and radiological imaging findings, laboratory results and surgical intervention data were examined.
RESULTS: Of the 40 thyroid cancer patients, 25 (62.5%) were female and 15 (27.5%) were male. Twenty-three (92%) of female patients and 13 (86.6%) were euthyroid. 29 (72.5%) of our patients had papillary cancer, 5 (12.5%) follicular cancer, 2 (5%) medullary cancer, 3 (7.5%) anaplastic cancer and 1 (2.5%) hurthle cell carcinoma.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The excessive changes in thyroid cancer surgery, even the formation of groups as a result of the follow-up of most thyroid cancers, the surgery that evolved between total thyroidectomy and lobectomy suggest that the existence of such studies is valuable.

INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the effect of a shorter duration of estradiol (E) exposure prior to progesterone (P) administration on live birth rate (LBR) in vitrified warmed embryo transfer (VWET) cycles.
METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in the American Hospital (Koc University affiliated private hospital) between October 2015 and October 2017. All VWET cycles with a single blastocyst transfer using artificial endometrial preparation without GnRH agonist pretreatment were included. Only G1 and G2 good quality blastocysts had been cryopreserved. Women >43 years of age, treatment cycles with incomplete data and women who were lost to follow-up were excluded. All women received oral E treatment starting on day 2 of menstrual bleeding in a fixed dose of 6mg/day. The duration of E administration varied from 8 to 14 days due to concerns regarding embryo transfer scheduling. A total of 241 patients with vitrified warmed single blastocyst transfer cycles were analyzed according to the duration of E administration (Group 1: <12 days, n=105; Group 2: ≥12 days, n=136). The main outcome measure was LBR per transfer.
RESULTS: Among a total of 241 patients with vitrified warmed blastocyst transfers, E exposure prior to P supplementation was as follows: 8 days (3%), 9 days (8%), 10 days (16%), 11 days (16.5%), 12 days (22.5%), 13 days (20.5%), 14 days (13.5%). LBR was not significantly affected when the E treatment was administered for less than 12 days (OR=1.25; 95%CI [0.75-2.1], p=0.38). Mean endometrial thickness was similar among the groups (9.5mm). When the patients were sub-divided according to the duration of E treatment, primary and secondary outcomes were likewise similar.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Shorter than the normally accepted duration of E administration yields similar LBRs in VWET cycles, thus questioning the need to adhere strictly to an untested protocol.

INTRODUCTION: We aimed to determine the incidence of simultaneous endometrial cancer in patients with endometrial hyperplasia who underwent surgical treatment.
METHODS: Our study was designed retrospectively. The medical data of patients who was diagnosed endometrial hyperplasia (EH) by the endometrial biopsy and accepted surgical treatment were examined and collected between 2007 - 2017 at the gynecologic oncology depertmant of Eskiþehir Osmangazi University (ESOGÜ). The data of 522 patients with endometrial hyperplasia as a result of endometrial sampling were evaluated. Due to 187 patients received medical treatment, 35 patients lacked medical data and 15 patients suspected endometrial CA were excluded from the study. A total of 285 patients with endometrial hyperplasia were included in the study.
RESULTS: Of the 285 patients included in the study, 64 (22.4%) were simple hyperplasia, 31 (10.8%) were simple atypia hyperplasia, 72 (25.2%) were complex hyperplasia and 118 (41.4%) were complex atypia hyperplasia. Endometrial hyperplasia could not be detected in 84 (29.4%) patients after a final pathology. We found endometrial cancer in 36 (12.6%) patients and endometrial hyperplasia in 165 (57.8%) patients. We found 1 (1.5%) patient EC in simple hyperplasia. EC was detected in 1 (3.2%) patient in SAH. 6 patients (8.3%) had EC in CH. 28 (23.7%) EC’s were detected in patients with CAH. According to the 2014 WHO classification system, Concurrent endometrial cancer rates were determined as AEH 19.4% and EH without atypia was 5.1%.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Concurrent EC ratio in simple hyperplasia was 5.1% this rate was found to be 8.3% in CH. Management of patients with endometrial hyperplasia without atypia If medical treatment is to be chosen, these rates should be considered and it is recommended to consider all risk factors for EC.

Kabuki Make-up Syndrome is a rare syndrome characterized by multiple congenital anomalies, typical with facial appearance, skeletal anomalies, dermatogliphic changes, postnatal growth failure and mental retardation. Kabuki Make-Up Syndrome is usually consisting of sporadic congenital disorder due to changes in MLL2 and KDM6A gene. We presented a case with typical features of Kabuki Make-Up Syndrome that has Kabuki type facial appearance, growth failure and mental retardation, fetal finger pads for contribute to the literature.

Objective: The aim of this study is to present a case of a dicavitary twin pregnancy delivered at the 36th week of pregnancy by cesarean section in a woman with didelphys uterus where the pregnancy was achieved with in vitro fertilization technique, in the light of the literature.
Case: A 29-year-old primary infertile patient admitted to our hospital's IVF unit with the desire to become pregnant, diagnosed with uterus didelphys anomaly. There was no problem in her medical history other than this uterine anomaly. She had two unsuccesful in vitro fertilization attempts previously performed due to a male factor. Dicavitary twin pregnancy was obtained with the aid of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer to both uteruses. Pregnancy follow-up was performed by the gynecology and obstetrics clinic of our hospital. Twins were delivered by cesarean section-single uterine incision at 35 weeks and 4 days as necessitated by severe preeclampsia.
Conclusion: Dicavitary twin pregnancy cases are very rare in uterine didelphys anomaly and close follow-up is important for successful pregnancy outcomes. The birth or the cesarean section of this condition are specified cases and should be done in experienced clinics.

Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich sendromunun klasik triadý kör hemivagina, uterin didelphis ve ipsilateral renal agenezidir. Müllerian kanal anomalilerinin bir varyantýdýr. Sebebi ve etiyopatogenezi bilinmemektedir. Klinik prezentasyonu genellikle menarj ile baþlayan ve hematometrokolposa sekonder geliþen þiddetli dismenore ve ele gelen pelvik kitle þeklindedir. Erken taný ve tedavi hastanýn ilerideki fertilitesinin korunmasýnda ve komplikasyonlarýn önlenmesinde önemlidir. Bu çalýþmada 13 yaþýnda bekar pediatrik yaþ grubundan hastanýn pelvik kitle nedeniyle araþtýrýlmasý yapýlýrken MRG ile tanýsý kesinleþtirilmiþ HWWS olgusu tespit edilmiþtir. Hastaya ve ailesine bilgi verilerek onamlarý alýnmýþ ve diagnostik laparoskopi yapýlmýþtýr. Daha sonra paravaginal onarým ile hematometra boþaltýlmýþ ve þikayetleri giderilmiþtir. Ýlerideki fertilite ve endokrin fonksiyonlar açýsýndan takibe alýnmýþtýr ve ikinci bir operasyon yaþýna uygun olarak yapýlabileceði yönünde fikir bildirilmiþtir. Bu sendrom þiddetli dismenore, primer amenore veya pelvik kitle nedeniyle araþtýrýlma yapýlan pediatrik ve adelosan hasta gruplarýnda akýlda bulundurulmalýdýr.

In this review, gender disparity, the appearance of violence against women in Turkey and the world, the reasons of violence and solution proposals were aimed at presenting. Although it is difficult to define and attempt violence, it is very important to provide protection, treatment and improvement services for post-violence victims more effectively and to ensure continuity as necessary. Social gender is the roles, Duties and responsibilities that society assigns to both men and women.Violence against women; on the basis of gender, and women actual physical, sexual, psychological harm and sadness caused to any private or public behaviour that occur in real life for looking this or that eventuality, threats, coercion or the arbitrary prevention of Liberty. Violence against women begins before the pre-parliamentary period, and after birth, the killing of girls continues as being subjected to sexual abuse and beating. According to the World Health Organization's study on 24.000 women in 11 countries, 13-61% of women are exposed to physical violence, 6-59% to sexual violence, 15-71% to physical and sexual violence, and 20-75% to emotional violence. In order to prevent and reduce violence against women, there are some responsibilities that fall on each group as individuals, family, community and health workers. In this context, legal arrangements must be made by the government to support and strengthen legal practices to protect children, victims and sexual harassment. Health workers ' close relationships with their patients in working environments play a key role in determining and attempting violence. In this context, health workers should be trained on their symptoms, findings and initiatives.

World Health Organization (WHO) describes child abuse; “Exposure to all kinds of attitudes and behaviors including commercial advertising or any other form of influence that may cause any physical and / or emotional, sexual, negligence or neglect to cause adverse effects on health, growth and development of children”. 25% of the children aged 7-18 were neglected, physical abuse was seen 43%, emotional abuse was 51% and sexual abuse was 3%. However, 4,2 % of children 6-14 and 28 % of children 15-17 were reported to be exposed to financial abuse. Besides, poor financial situation is consideed to be among the most important factors inducing child abuse. Child abuse is considered a complex event with its all dimensions including the etiology, diagnosis and treatment; protecting the children from abuse is essential and a multidisciplinary team of professionals during early diagnosis and treatment is needed. Pediatric nurses in the team play a significant role in; recognizing the signs for abuse, early-identification of the children likely to be exposed to maltreatment, directing them to the appropriate centers and providing them with the treatment/rehabilitation.