INTRODUCTION: Sex-cord-stromal tumors (SCSTs) represent approximately 5-8% of all ovarian malignancies. Granulosa cell tumors are the most common malignant tumors in the group of SCSTs. In this trial, we present our experiences in patients with granulosa cell tumor.
METHODS: 18 patients with granulosa cell tumor operated in our hospital between 2005 – 2009 are included and evaluated for age, wish for the preservation of fertility, symptoms, condition of endometrium, parity, stage of tumor, tumor grade, diameter of the tumor, type of surgical treatment, use of adjuvant treatment, survival, recurrence and mortality’.
RESULTS: Average age of the patients are 49 ± 15.4 (14 - 76). The most common symptoms were abnormal uterine bleeding (72%) and pelvic pain (67%) on admission. On preoperative evaluation, 2 endometrial hyperplasia and 1 endometrium cancer were diagnosed. The average follow-up time was 4.3 ± 1.4 (2 - 7) years, 13 (72.2%), 2 (11.1%) and 3 (16.7%) of the patients presented with stage 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Postoperative adjuvant therapy was given to 11 of the patients (61%).Recurrence rate was 11% along follow up time.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Granulosa cell tumors are rare tumors and may recurrence later. Surgery represents the most important therapeutic arm. Conservative surgery, preserving the possibility of a future pregnancy can be performed. Our experiences are coherent with literature. However, there is a lack of number of randomized clinical trials, and prospective randomized controlled trials are needed.

INTRODUCTION: Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by invasion of abnormally proliferating trophoblastic tissue to the endometrium and myometrium.Diagnosis is usually made by ultrasonography at 10-12 weeks.Purpose of this research is to determine the initial diagnosis of hydatiform mole cases at the hospitalization who had GTD diagnosis histopathologically later.
METHODS: This retrospective study was performed including the patients who had GTH diagnosis at gynecology and oncology department at Zeynep Kamil Hospital between 2000 and 2008. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 12 program. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. P values were considered to be statistically significant at P < 0.05.
RESULTS: 203 patients were included in this research. Right diagnosis ratio at partial mole cases is %15 (19/123) and at complete mole cases is %50 (40/80). Early diagnosis ratio with ultrasonography at total hydatiform mole cases is %29 (59/203).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It is important to keep in mind GTD when pregnant women who dont visit doctors regularly,apply emergency with vaginal bleeding at the first trimestr.

INTRODUCTION: to investigate maternal and perinatal outcomes in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
METHODS: This study was conducted between 2008 and 2011 on patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. The study was designed in retrospective manner. All data were collected from hospital records. Total serum bile acid ≥ 15micromol/L or pruritus with increased serum transaminase levels were accepted as diagnostic criteria for intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. The rate of preterm birth, fetal growth restriction and intrauterine fetal demise were the main outcomes. Maternal and neonatal records were also noted
RESULTS: A total of 24 patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy were enrolled the study. The mean patients’ age and weight and BMI were 26.4±5.8 and 78.6±12.1 and 30.1±5.7 respectively. The mean serum total bile acid level was 112.7±87.1 mikromol/L. The mean gestational time was 263.4±9.9 at time of labor. The mean neonatal birthweight and the five-minute APGAR score 2975±454 g. And 9.7±0.5 respectively. Cesarean delivery rate was 25%. The rate of fetal growth restriction, preeclampsia and preterm birth were 8.3%, 12.5% and 25%. A patient was died due to postpartum hepatic failure.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: A physician should consider other clinical pathologies that can cause maternal death before the diagnosis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy

Pessaries are effective treatments for pelvic organ prolapsus (POP) in elderly women with significant comorbidities, and in women who do not desire surgical repair. When neglected or not used properly, pessary may lead to serious complications including vesicovaginal fistula, rectovaginal fistula, small bowel incarceration, hydronephrosis, pyelonephritis, urosepsis, vaginal re-epithelization, vaginal cancer or cervical cancer. This article is about of a vaginal pessary inserted 42 years ago for uterine prolapse and had cervical cancer from rare complications of pessaries in an 73-year- old women.

The leiomyosarcomas account for 1-3 % of uterine malignancies and 30 % of uterus sarcomas. The “osteoclastic” giant cell variant is a very rare microscopic type of the leiomyosarcomas. In daily practice, the cases of leiomyosarcomas are very rare and the osteoclastic variant is even rarer than them. Differential diagnosis of this variant is difficult because of giant cells in it. Immunhistochemical and electron microscopic studies indicate that, the origins of these cells are epithelial or histiocytic.

INTRODUCTION: Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of augmented full and partial rectus muscle transposition in children with type 1 Duane syndrome.
METHODS: A retrospective review of vertical rectus muscle transposition augmented with lateral fixation procedures in 27 eyes of 25 children with type 1 Duane syndrome was performed and the functional results of partial (12 eyes) and full (15 eyes) rectus muscle transposition were compared. Fifteen eyes had also esotropia while 12 eyes did not have strabismus in primary position. SPSS 15.0 software for Windows® was used to summarize baseline characteristics and outcomes and to compare preoperative and postoperative deviation (paired T-test).
RESULTS: Twenty-seven eyes of 25 children (9 male and 16 female) with a mean age of 9.9 (SD: 4.7) years were operated between October 2004 and July 2010. Twenty-three children had unilateral and two children had bilateral type 1 Duane syndrome. In esotropic type 1 Duane syndrome patients, the preoperative angle of deviation at distance was 22.6 ± 10.1 prism diopters (PD) compared with 7.0 ± 10.0 PD postoperatively (p=0.000) and the preoperative angle of deviation at near was 21.8 ± 9.6 PD compared with 6.0 ± 7.9 PD postoperatively (p=0.000). After augmented transpositions, abduction ability was markedly increased in 22 eyes (81 %).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The addition of lateral fixation sutures to partial and full rectus muscle transpositions improves the tonic abducting force of the procedure for children with type 1 Duane syndrome without compromising adduction. The functional results of full rectus muscle augmented transposition and partial rectus muscle augmented transposition are similar to each other.

INTRODUCTION: Diseases caused by influenza viruses range from an upper respiratory tract infection to lethal viral pneumonia. The virus can be diagnosed by materials of nasal swaps, nasophargeal aspirates, sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage. The golden standart for diagnosis is the isolation of virus in cell cultures. During an epidemic or a pandemic, rapid tests and cultures can be used concomitantly.
METHODS: A retrospective review of vertical rectus muscle tIn this study, we aimed to evaluate the importance of rapid test and the clinical findings for the diagnosis of influenza in 100 children (47 girls and 53 boys) who were clinically compatible with influenza.
RESULTS: There were only 5 positive results whereas no virus was isolated with culture. When we compared the occurrence of fever (% 100), coughing (% 80), nasal drainage (% 60) and nasal occlusion (% 20) based on the rapid test positivity, the results were not statistically significant(p>0,05). Although myalgia and headache were more commonly seen in Influenza test positive patients, the results were not significant either.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Although rapid tests are easy and appropriate to use for the diagnosis of influenza, they are not always reliable. For this reason, we believe that they can only be used for screening.

Introduction / Aim: Patients operated for puv with or without creating a vesicostomy were evaluated with their long-term results in order to compare the methods and show the superiority of the method without a vesicostomy. So that, we aimed to re-rewiev the management of treatment and reduce mortalitiy and morbidity of patient with posterior urethral valves with a more accurate approach.
Material and methods: 21 patients with PUV treated between 1 January 2005-1 January 2011 at our department were evaluated for this study. Patients divided into two groups with a vesicostomy as group 1 and without vesicostmy as group 2 and than groups first admission, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months values were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test.
Results: Typical appearence in VCUG of PUV was present with 14 patients. Patients without having the typical appearence of PUV were diagnosed with cystoscopy. Vesicostomy was created in 7 patients (Group 1), and directly cystoscopic fulguration was performed i in 13 patients (Group 2). 1 patient excluded from the study because of died. No statistical difference was present between GFR values of these two groups on first admission. When compared preoperatively significant difference detected between PMR, BUN and Creatinine values whereas no significant difference was found for other parameters, moreover renal AP diameters. There was no statistically significant difference other than the value of BUN between group 1 and group 2 after the 3 months later first operation when compared to values. There was no statistically significant difference between group 1 and group 2 after the 6 months and 12 months later first operation when compared to values
Conclusion: No difference found between renal function deterioriation or progression to chronic renal failure in PUV patients after performing fulguration directly or creating a vesicostomy before fulguration. However, condition of our country we think that don’t avoid to opening vesicostomy patients who are considered will not regular checkup and follow-up could result.rapid test