INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the endometrialchanges between asymptomatic postmenopausalwomen with breast cancer using tamoxifen or
aromatase inhibitors.
METHODS: Asymptomatic postmenopausal patients with breast cancer who were on tamoxifen or arimidex therapy for more than six months were enrolled for the study. Twenty two women had been on tamoxifen and jorty women had been on arimidex. Routine gynecologic exam was performed for all patients. Transvaginal ultrasonography, saline injusion sonography and bilateral uterine artery doppler sonography were performed for all patients. Later endometrial biopsy was applied to all patients with pipelle canula.
RESULTS: The percentage oj endometrial jormations, sonography findings were compared between the two groups. Endometrial polip was detected in 3 patients who were on tamoxifen (13,5%) and 6 patients who were on arimidex (15%). The sensitivity of transvaginal ultrasonography was jound to be 33% with a specificity of 90% when the cut-off level for endometrial thickness was set as 8,5 mm. When the cut-off level during saline injusion sonography was set as 7,7 mm the sensitivity was 33% and the specificity was 92%.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: For our group of patients endometrial thickening was found to be higher in tamoxifen group when compared with the aromatase inhibitors group. Doppler sonography showed no predictive value for any endometrial pathology. Ultrasonography should be performed for screening, saline infusion sonography should be applied for any detected sonographic pathology bejare invasive diagnostic tests.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to search the expression of CD 117 in different groups of benign and malign uterin mesenchymal tumors and its relation with tumor types, morphologic properties and its role in differential diagnosis.
METHODS: Histologic sections of paraffýn blocks of 12 uterin leiomyosarkomas (LMS), 8 low grade endometrial stromal sarcomas (LGESS), 4 atypical leiomyomas (ALM), 31 cellular leiomyomas (CLM) and 9 dassic leiomyomas were immunostained w ith CD 117 antibody. Individual tumors were considered positive if more than 10 % of the cells comprising the neoplasm displayed immunreactive staining. Staining intensity was graded + 1 to +3 and distribution as focal (1 0-30% ), intermediate (30-60%) and diffuse (>60%).
RESULTS: Positive immunstaining was obtained in 11(91.7%) of the 12 LMS, 7 (87.5%) of the ESS, 27 (87%) of 31 CLM and all of the 4 ALM and 9 (100%) dassic leiomyoma. C-KlT expression was not detected in 6 cases. The distribution of immunohistochemical staining was focal ( 30%) in 19 cases, intermediate (30-60%) in 20 cases and diffuse (>60%) in 19 cases.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: We determined high CD 117 expression with different staining distribution and density in uterin mesenchymal tumors. We did not observe meaningful differences between tumor types and morphologic properties. Obtaining the immunohistochemical CD 117 expression does not prove the genetic mutation related with this protein. These studies should be supported by malecular pathologic techniques and the genetic mechanisms that result with CD 117 expressian should be discovered.

Abnormal placentation is increasingly comman which is defined as an pathological adherence of the placenta to the uterine wall which has a faulty or an absent decidua basalis. Placenta percreta represents placental invasion to the serosa and/or other pelvic structures. This clinical
is the most serious placental implantation anomaly and causes high maternal morbidity and mortality rates. Antenatal diagnosis and surgical approach are very important for the management of this disease. We present the case of diagnosis and management pregnant patient with placenta percreta for making some contribution to the literature.

INTRODUCTION: Since iron deficiency anemia in child can lead to dysfunction in mental and motor development, optimal care should be attended to prevention of this anemia. The goal of this study is, to investigate the duration of maternal breast-feeding, feeding with cow' s milk during the first two years and the effects of iron supplementation in hematalogic parameters.
METHODS: This study involved 181 children who were 6 months-14 years old, hospitalized in HNH pediatric clinic with the diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia between 2006- 2008 years. All children were divided into three groups as: mild, moderate and severe. Birth weight, nutrition with cow' s mi/k, duration of breast-feeding, adequate iron intake related with the varying degrees iron deficiency anemia and the effects of it in hematological parameters were evaluated.
RESULTS: The mean age value was significantly higher in the severe anemia group than the mild and moderate ones. The duration of breast feeding was statistically significantly different between the mild and moderate anemia groups. Mild and moderate iron deficiency anemia were commonly seen in the infants who were breast-fed under 12 months old.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: We concluded that, mothers should be educated about the importance of breast-feeding, nutrition fortified with iron and iron supplementation after six months, in order to prevent iron deficiency anemia.

INTRODUCTION: In this study, patients treated by taking tube torakostomy in neonatal intensive care unit of our hospital the diagnosis of pneumothorax was designed to determine risk facktors affecting mortality and morbidity.
METHODS: 55 newborns (23 Fernale /32 Male) with pneumothorax, who were treated with tube thoracostomy in Newborn Unit between
]anuary 2005 and ]anuary 2011, were analysed retrospectively. The patients were evaluated in regard to age, demographic characteristics, associated with primary lung disease, the presence of additional abnormalities, side of pneumothorax, the ventilation requirement bejare and after the pneumothorax,duration of drainage, duration in hospital and mortality rates.
RESULTS: Pneumothorax requiring drainage detected 55 cases,in this 23 female (42%), 32 ma/e (58%) and the average age of diagnosis was 3.31gün (1day 30days). The main symptoms were respiratory distress, takipnea and syanosis. 41 patients (74%) were premature with gestational ages ranged from 24-36.weeks. 14 patients (26%) were born at 37 weeks. Postmature patient was not available. 34 patients (61%) in the right, 18 patients (33%) in the left, 3 patients (6%) had bilateral pneumothorax. In 29 patients (53.7%) had primary pulmonary disease. 20 patients (37%) had additional abnormalities. When 41 patient was needed ventilation before tube thoracostomy, 40 patients was needed the ventilator after tube thoracostomy. 15 patients (27%) recovered with healing,the mean duration of drainage was 7.16 days.40 patients (73%) had died and the mean duration of drainage was 5.1 days.3 patients with bilateral pneumothorax has died. Patients who recovered the average length of stay in hospital was 15.5 days. Patients who died the average length of stay in hospital was 12 days.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The prematurity, underlying primary lung disease and mechanical ventilation practices the presence of predisposing factors for the development of pneumothorax. Pneumothorax in the neonatal period developed high mortality rate.Early diagnosis and treatment of pneumothorax is important in reducing mortality Especially in newborn infants on mechanical ventilation should be ruled out pneumothorax in suddenly breaks down the overall situation.

INTRODUCTION: Prenatal diagnosis has been reported as benefidal in improving the survival and prognosis after repair of congenital abdominal wall dejects (CA WD 's). However prenatal diagnosis is not the only jactor affecting prognosis in these cases. In this study we aimed to discuss the factors affecting early (postoperative 1 month) survival rates in cases with congenital abdominal wall defects operated at our institution, and relation between survival rates and prenatal diagnosis.
METHODS: Clinical records of the cases operated with the diagnosis of congenital abdominal wall deject, between January 2004
and May 2012, reviewed retrospectively.
RESULTS: During 7 5-year period, 58 cases operated for congenital abdominal wall dfject. Of the 58 cases, 29 (50%) had omphalocele, 23 (40%)
had gastrochisis and 6 (10%) had umbilical cord hernia. While female-male rates in gastrochisis and omphalocele cases w ere in favor of females; all umbilical cord hernia cases were male. Survival rates were decreasing with increasing birth weight in omphalocele cases, and survival rates were correlated positively with birth weight in gastrochisis cases. Survival rates were higher in prenatally diagnosed gastrochisis cases. There was no dif.ference in survival rates between prenatally diagnosed or undiagnosed omphalocele
cases. Survival rates in omphalocele cases were diagnosed inversely proportional with base diameter of the defect. Highest mortality rates were found if the base diameter was more than 10 cm. There was no associated major cardiac and/or chromosomal anomaly with those omphalocele cases. However, since the sampling pool was too smail for statistical calculation with student-t and chi square, statistical correlation between survival rates and omphalocele base diameter were not significant (P>0,05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: With the increasing number of such reported cases, early diagnosis of associated cardiac and/or chromosomal anomalies in congenital
abdominal wall defect cases, and prediction of the base diameter of the defect in omphalocele cases may yield to make predictions and to give more acurate information to the parenis onfuture prognosis and survival rates of the newborn.

Acute appendicitis which can be seen at any age is a common acute abdominal reason is during the puberty at the top. Appendix vermiformis obstruction is the most common reason of acute appendicitis. Fecaloma, lymphoid hyperplasia, foreign body, carcinoid tumour,and intestinal parasites are the common underlying reasons of obstruction. Trauma and appendicitis are the most common two consulted issues in pediatric emergency services. There are few cases about appendicitis developing after a blunt abdominal trauma in the current literature. Up on the delermination of incidental acute appendicitis in an eleven year old patient who was being operated for spleen laceration caused by an extravehicular traffic accident, splenectomy and appendectomy were performed. A throughout and detailed abdominal exploration should be performed in patients who undergo operations due to abdominal trauma in order to determine jurther abnormalities.